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Jamaican monkey
The Jamaican monkey (''Xenothrix mcgregori'') is an extinct species of New World monkey first uncovered at Long Mile Cave in Jamaica by Harold Anthony in 1919. Anthony is responsible for many species descriptions of Caribbean taxa during this period and his field notes record the discovery of the monkey material:
“January 17 – Spent all day digging in the long mile cave and secured some good bones. The most important find was the lower jaw and femur of a small monkey, found in the yellow limestone detritus. It was not associated with the human remains but not so far from them that the animal must not be strongly suspected as an introduced species. It was deeper than any of the human bones by at least 10” to 1’…” (reproduced in Williams and Koopman, 1952)
The eventual species description was not completed until 1952 when two graduate students, Ernest Williams and Karl Koopman, found the associated femur and mandibular fragment forgotten in a drawer at the American Museum of Natural History. They remained circumspect in placing this primate taxonomically as it had shared characteristics with a number of platyrrhine taxa.〔Williams, E. E. & Koopman, K.F. (1952). West Indian Fossil Monkeys. American Museum Novitates, 1546: 16 pp.〕
== Analysis ==
The small mandible has a dental formula of 2 incisors, 1 canine, 3 premolars and 2 molars – a departure from the vast majority of living platyrrhines, with the notable exception of the callitrichines. It is significantly larger than the living callitrichines, and work by Rosenberger has largely eliminated the possibility that these taxa share a close phylogenetic relationship. Rosenberger suggested that the absence of the third molar in ''Xenothrix'' was not homologous with this character state in callitrichines. He based his assessment on the length of the molars relative to the molar row, and the inferred retention of hypocones on M1-2, which have been greatly reduced in the marmosets and tamarins. He further suggested that ''Xenothrix'' shared a close phylogenetic affinity with ''Callicebus'' or ''Aotus''. His conclusions were tentative due to the fragmentary nature of the material.
The postcranial remains discovered by Anthony in the 1920s were eventually described by MacPhee and Fleagle〔MacPhee, R.D.E. & Fleagle. (1991). Postcranial Remains of ''Xenothrix mcgregori'' (Primates, Xenotrichidae) and Other Late Quaternary Mammals from Long Mile Cave, Jamaica. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 206: 287-321.〕 who attributed the femur, os coxae, and tibia to the order Primates. MacPhee and Fleagle〔 stated that the primate postcrania bore little resemblance to modern forms, but they interpreted the femur as being indicative of slow climbing. Interestingly, the femur also shares some similarities with ''Potos flavus'', the kinkajou. They provisionally accepted Hershkovitz’s family Xenotrichidae until further analysis could fully elucidate the relationships of ''Xenothrix''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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